Created Date: 2/28/2017 11:09:54 AM. Jul 11, 2018 - An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Flex = flexibility; ZVT = Zahlenverbindungstest (trail making; processing speed), level of. Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, 1, 2, *, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing, 1, Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, 2, Resources, Supervision, 3, 4, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing, 5, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, 3, 4, Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, 1 and, Project administration, Writing – original draft 1, 4, 5. Download peta dki jakarta 2017. Animal research indicates that a combination of physical activity and sensory enrichment has the largest and the only sustaining effect on adult neuroplasticity. Game pesawat penumpang simulator simulator games pc. Dancing has been suggested as a human homologue to this combined intervention as it poses demands on both physical and cognitive functions. For the present exploratory study, we designed an especially challenging dance program in which our elderly participants constantly had to learn novel and increasingly difficult choreographies. This six-month-long program was compared to conventional fitness training matched for intensity. An extensive pre/post-assessment was performed on the 38 participants (63–80 y), covering general cognition, attention, memory, postural and cardio-respiratory performance, neurotrophic factors and–most crucially–structural MRI using an exploratory analysis. For analysis of MRI data, a new method of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) designed specifically for pairwise longitudinal group comparisons was employed. Both interventions increased physical fitness to the same extent. Pronounced differences were seen in the effects on brain volumes: Dancing compared to conventional fitness activity led to larger volume increases in more brain areas, including the cingulate cortex, insula, corpus callosum and sensorimotor cortex. Only dancing was associated with an increase in plasma BDNF levels. Regarding cognition, both groups improved in attention and spatial memory, but no significant group differences emerged. The latter finding may indicate that cognitive benefits may develop later and after structural brain changes have taken place. The present results recommend our challenging dance program as an effective measure to counteract detrimental effects of aging on the brain. ![]() Introduction Aging is associated with a reduction in brain volumes, mainly in the prefrontal and temporal cortices. Regions such as the occipital cortex, on the other hand, show relatively few alterations throughout the lifespan [,]. The changes affect both gray [,] and white matter []. The cortical volume decrease (i.e., atrophy) is not primarily caused by a loss of neurons but is due to an age-related shrinking of cells and reduced synaptic density [,]. In white matter, aging generates axonal deflections, resulting in defective neuronal transmission. Again, the most deflections are observed in the prefrontal cortex [] and are associated with working memory and executive dysfunction []. These age-related changes, however, are not inevitable. It has become clear over the past several years that the aging brain is capable of neuroplasticity. This raises the possibility of counteracting the detrimental effects of aging on the brain.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |